パルテノン神殿：その２

Reconstruction

In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures. The project later attracted funding and technical assistance from the European Union . An archaeological committee thoroughly documented every artifact remaining on the site, and architects assisted with computer models to determine their original locations. In some cases, prior re-construction was found to be incorrect. Particularly important and fragile sculptures were transferred to the Acropolis Museum. A crane was installed for moving marble blocks; the crane was designed to fold away beneath the roofline when not in use. The incorrect reconstructions were dismantled, and a careful process of restoration began. The Parthenon will not be restored to a pre-1687 state, but the explosion damage will be mitigated as much as possible, and new marble is being used from the original quarry to fill gaps and effect structurally necessary repairs. Ultimately, almost all major pieces of marble will be placed in the structure where they originally would have been, supported as needed by modern materials.

Since the 1960s, the greatest threats to the Parthenon have been environmental. Athens has grown enormously since World War II and has major problems with traffic congestion and air pollution . Corrosion of its marble by acid rain polluted by car exhausts has already caused irreparable damage to some sculptures and threatens the remaining sculptures and the temple itself. Over the past 20 years, the Greek government and the city of Athens have made some progress on these issues, but the future of the Parthenon is still a matter of some concern.

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Treasury or temple?

Architecturally, the Parthenon is clearly a temple, formerly containing the famous cult image of Athena by Phidias and the treasury of votive offerings. Since actual Greek sacrifices always took place at an altar invariably under an open sky, as was in keeping with their religious practices, the Parthenon does not suit some definitions of "temple" as no evidence of an altar has been discovered. Thus, some scholars have argued that the Parthenon was only used as a treasury. While this opinion was first formed late in the 19th century, it has gained strength in recent years. The majority of scholarly opinion still sees the building in the terms Walter Burkert described for the Greek sanctuary , consisting of temenos , altar and temple with cult image (Burkert 1985 pp 84–92). See Holtzmann 2003 for a complete review of the debate.

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See also

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Sources and further reading

  • Beard, Mary. The Parthenon. Harvard University: 2003. ISBN 067401085X .
  • Burkert, Walter . Greek Religion. Harvard University: 1985 ISBN 0-674-36281-0 (paperback)
  • Cosmopoulos, Michael (editor). The Parthenon and its Sculptures. Cambridge University: 2004. ISBN 0521836735 .
  • Holtzmann, Bernard, L'Acropole d'Athènes : Monuments, cultes et histoire du sanctuaire d'Athèna Polias, Paris, 2003. ISBN 2708406876 .
  • Papachatzis, Nikolaos D. Pausaniou Ellados Periegesis- Attika Athens, 1974.
  • Tournikio, Panayotis. Parthenon. Abrams: 1996. ISBN 0810963140 .
  • Traulos, Ioannis N. I Poleodomike ekselikses ton Athinon Athens, 1960 ISBN 960-7254-01-5
  • Woodford, Susan. The Parthenon. Cambridge University: 1981. ISBN 0521226295 .
  • King, Dorothy "The Elgin Marbles" Hutchinson / Random House, January 2006. ISBN 0091800137
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